Author:  Siepmann JP

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Abstract:  The Laws of Space and Observation state that time is nonrelative. The current methods of interval measurement do not measure true time but rather a periodic occurrence interval which would be relative to the observer. True (nonrelative) time can only be measured by using a constant, such as the objective speed of light. The interval it takes the speed of light to travel a preset distance in the observer's own space and will always be constant and not subject to relativity as the ratio of d_obj (objective distance) to c_obj (objective velocity of light) will always be constant to any observer.  Such a device as conceived and outlined herein shall be referred to as a "light clock."

Keywords: true time, light, Light Clock, time, space, Observational Physics, speed of light, special relativity, general relativity, dimensions, Space.

Introduction

The Laws of Space and Observation (LSO) as previously laid out in the paper of the same name, gives us a new understanding of the universe.¹ Previously, according to Special Relativity (SR) we had thought that as an object goes relatively faster, length (or distance) would decrease, time would slow down, and mass would increase. We had no idea what gravity was and why the effect of gravity seemed similar to that of velocity. Through the LSO we have come to know that Space is the key which advances and unifies our concept of the universe.¹

With Space as an entity, gravity is nothing more than the force exerted by Space when it is being displaced by matter/energy.¹ Additionally, time is nonrelative, while distance (length) and mass are relative.¹ For example, if I were traveling through Space at 0.8c_obj ("c_obj" being the unimpeded [vacuum] speed of light in a relative Space density equal to one), then the distance covered would be 0.6 times the distance that the at rest observer would see.¹ The mass would be increased only because energy has relative mass, with the true mass of the ship remaining the same.¹ Time though would be the same for the observer and the ship. The following is diagram helps to contrasts the concepts of SR and LSO.

Figure 1

In SR, the ship sees one orbit as being only 0.6 Z km due to length contraction. In Observational Physics, Space is relatively more dense in the direction of travel so more distance is traveled and in this case the ship travels 0.6 Z km in one orbit. Though the distance results for SR and LSO are the same, it is for different reasons.

In regards to time, it takes the ship Z/(0.48c_obj) seconds for the SR ship to do one orbit, but it only takes the LSO ship Z/(0.8c_obj) seconds to make one orbit.^A Mass on the other hand, increases inversely proportional to length in SR. In LSO the additional mass is coming from the relative energy associated with the mass. For instance, if I was in the same existence state as the traveling ship then its mass would be the same as its true mass but if I was at relative rest on Earth, then it would have a relative mass that was 5/3 times more than its actual mass. This is because of the energy that I observe from my Earthly perspective to be relatively associated with it renders it the additional observed mass.

I propose that the reason we had thought time to be relative is that the methods that man has used to measure an interval of "time" utilized modalities that had a greater density than base Space (a threshold that photons exist below while most other matter exists above).¹ Whether we are using a mechanical watch or atomic oscillations, all modalities to date are subject to Relative Space Density (RSD). I would also propose that one or more possibilities could explain why experimentally time has seemed to slow as relative velocity or gravity was increased. Among these could be: 1) as RSD increases, relative entropy decreases proportionally; 2) assuming that extended travel distance of particles/objects meant a slowing of time; or 3) experimental error.

In order for the speed of light (c) to be constant (per SR), then time must be slowed. Because if an object was going 0.8c_obj, then in one second it would have traveled 4E8m, therefore time would have had to been slowed down for the speed of light to be a constant, let alone not to be exceeded.^B Time therefore had to be slowed inversely proportional to the length contraction for c to remain constant.

In Observational physics, the speed of light is constant only in the observer's own Space (cobj). Since light in RSD=1 Space is of a constant velocity, it can then be used to measure the true time that it takes light to travel a defined distance in RSD=1 Space. For instance, one microsecond could be defined as the time interval that it takes light to travel about 300m in RSD=1 Space.

The light clock is a device that is simple design but yet never thought of previously because the underlying concepts have never before been established. Under SR, distance would relatively vary, yet the speed of light would stay constant under any relative conditions making it futile for the purpose of time measurement. But under the Laws of Space and Observation, the speed of light is a constant only in RSD=1 Space (the observer's Space or existence state) and could therefore be used as a measure of true time since the speed of light will vary proportionally with distance (length).

The light clock can take various forms but the most practical would be a circular device with an inner mirror. The most practical for initial development would be a light clock with a light path of 1m and 300 reflections (a 1x300 light clock).  A simplified versions of such a device are illustrated below.

Light Clock Examples²

It should be readily evident that such a device will be increasingly accurate with a larger radius and more points of reflection. Also a series of light clocks measuring smaller and smaller time differentials could yield near infinite time intervals. It is also evident that such a device could be more accurate that our current atomic clocks and yet be made into the size of a wristwatch. Just imagine, time will now be able to be accurately measured anywhere in the universe, under any conditions. No calculations, no number crunching...the time on my watch going 0.8cobj will be the same as the person at home on Earth.

A. The time that it would take the SR ship to make one orbit would use the time dilation formula t'=t(1/(1-v²/c²)^1/2) and for a ship going 0.8c_obj, t' would equal 5/3t yielding a t' of 5/3 x Z/(0.8c_obj) or Z/(0.48c_obj).

B. Using the length contraction formula with L'=L(1-v²/c²)^1/2 , the distance traveled in one second would be:

0.8c_obj x 1s = L(1-v²/c²)^1/2

L=0.8 (3E8m)/ (1-v²/c²)^1/2

L=4E8m

Therefore an object traveling at 0.8c_obj for 1 second would travel 3E8 m/s x 5/3 for the length contraction yielding a distance traveled of 4E8 meters.

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